Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischemic stroke
\nAuthors: V Larrue , P Massabuau - Minerva Med . 2012 Jun;103(3):199-207. - PMID: 22653100
\n\"Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding in healthy subjects and has not been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in population-based cohort studies. Nevertheless, case-control studies have consistently shown an increased prevalence of PFO in cryptogenic stroke, suggesting that PFO might be a cause of stroke.\"
\n\"The risk of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO is low under aspirin therapy but may be substantially higher in patients with an associated atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). The mechanisms of stroke associated with PFO or ASA are uncertain. Paradoxical embolism through the PFO is rarely documented. The optimal treatment for secondary prevention in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO is still uncertain and debated. A randomized controlled trial failed to demonstrate the superiority of transcatheter PFO closure over medical therapy. Whether anticoagulation is superior to aspirin should be tested in a randomized controlled trial.\"
\nhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22653100/
\nAuthors: Kalgi Modi; Michael P. Soos; Kunal Mahajan
\nStatPearls - Internet.
\n\"Stent thrombosis is defined as a thrombotic occlusion of a coronary stent. Stent thrombosis is a major complication associated with stent placement in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Stent thrombosis has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, often leading to events of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Often compared to in-stent restenosis, which leads to anginal type symptoms, stent thrombosis is typically an acute process resulting in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).\"
\n\"Various risk factors have been associated with stent thrombosis, including a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), ACS, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In 2008, the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) guidelines were published regarding the classifications of stent thrombosis. Classifications were divided based on the type of underlying stent, clinical scenario, and timing after initial stent placement.\"
\nhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441908/
\nIschemic stroke as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis: high resolution magnetic resonance imaging
\nCitation: Kang, Z., Xu, Z., Wu, X. et al. Ischemic stroke as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis: high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Neurol Sci 42, 4821–4824 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05552-0
\n\"Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory arteritis that primarily affects the aorta and its main branches. Ischemic stroke, a less common complication of the disease, can sometimes be the first manifestation of TA. The authors reported a case that was first diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis for ischemic stroke, which is rarely reported before. When assessing the disease activity, they tested serological inflammatory biomarkers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which were within normal reference range. Thus, the patient underwent a diagnostic evaluation with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI), which suggested active TA. Then, the patient received immunosuppression therapy. She recovered well from stroke and did not have a recurrence of ischemic events.\"
\nhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-021-05552-0
\nCancer and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
\nAuthors: Babak B. Navi, Scott E. Kasner, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Mary Cushman, Oh Young Bang and Lisa M. DeAngelis
\nhttps://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032002Stroke. Stroke 2021;52:1121–1130
\n\"In addition to left atrial cardiopathy, nonstenosing large artery atherosclerosis, and patent foramen ovale (PFO), cancer is an important and common subgroup of ESUS (Embolic stroke of undetermined source). Claims-based data from the National Inpatient Sample suggest that about 10% of patients with ischemic stroke of all causes have known cancer.\"
\n\"The estimated proportion of ESUS (Embolic stroke of undetermined source)patients with cancer similarly approaches 10%, although it may be as high as 20% in some Asian populations. However, the attributable fraction of ischemic stroke due to cancer is likely less than this because some of the association may be coincidental. The coprevalence for cancer and ischemic stroke is expected to increase further as patients with cancer survive longer.\"
\n\"Cancer registry data have demonstrated falling mortality rates for several cancer types, including lung, breast, and prostate cancers, the 3 most common types in the United States.11 For example, the 2-year survival among men diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer, which is often widespread at presentation, improved from 26% in 2001 to 35% in 2014. These improved mortality rates reflect improved cancer treatments, particularly targeted and immunologic therapies, and reduced smoking.\"
\nhttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032002
\nAcute Ischemic Stroke Treatment in Infective Endocarditis: Systematic Review
\nAuthors: Sofia Bettencourt , José M Ferro - PMID: 32024600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104598
\nJ Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis . 2020 Apr;29(4):104598. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104598. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
\n\"Ischemic stroke is a frequent neurologic complication of infective endocarditis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy in comparison to thrombolysis and to combined treatment in patients with infective endocarditis associated acute ischemic stroke.\"
\n\"With the limitation of the low quality of the available evidence, thrombectomy in infective endocarditis associated stroke appears to be safer than thrombolysis, or combined treatment. These results may be useful to guide clinical decisions, in selected patients.\"
\nhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32024600/
\nPatent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischemic stroke
\nAuthors: V Larrue , P Massabuau - Minerva Med . 2012 Jun;103(3):199-207. - PMID: 22653100
\n\"Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding in healthy subjects and has not been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in population-based cohort studies. Nevertheless, case-control studies have consistently shown an increased prevalence of PFO in cryptogenic stroke, suggesting that PFO might be a cause of stroke.\"
\n\"The risk of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO is low under aspirin therapy but may be substantially higher in patients with an associated atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). The mechanisms of stroke associated with PFO or ASA are uncertain. Paradoxical embolism through the PFO is rarely documented. The optimal treatment for secondary prevention in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO is still uncertain and debated. A randomized controlled trial failed to demonstrate the superiority of transcatheter PFO closure over medical therapy. Whether anticoagulation is superior to aspirin should be tested in a randomized controlled trial.\"
\nhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22653100/
\nAuthors: Kalgi Modi; Michael P. Soos; Kunal Mahajan
\nStatPearls - Internet.
\n\"Stent thrombosis is defined as a thrombotic occlusion of a coronary stent. Stent thrombosis is a major complication associated with stent placement in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Stent thrombosis has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, often leading to events of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Often compared to in-stent restenosis, which leads to anginal type symptoms, stent thrombosis is typically an acute process resulting in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).\"
\n\"Various risk factors have been associated with stent thrombosis, including a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), ACS, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In 2008, the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) guidelines were published regarding the classifications of stent thrombosis. Classifications were divided based on the type of underlying stent, clinical scenario, and timing after initial stent placement.\"
\nhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441908/
\nIschemic stroke as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis: high resolution magnetic resonance imaging
\nCitation: Kang, Z., Xu, Z., Wu, X. et al. Ischemic stroke as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis: high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Neurol Sci 42, 4821–4824 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05552-0
\n\"Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory arteritis that primarily affects the aorta and its main branches. Ischemic stroke, a less common complication of the disease, can sometimes be the first manifestation of TA. The authors reported a case that was first diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis for ischemic stroke, which is rarely reported before. When assessing the disease activity, they tested serological inflammatory biomarkers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which were within normal reference range. Thus, the patient underwent a diagnostic evaluation with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI), which suggested active TA. Then, the patient received immunosuppression therapy. She recovered well from stroke and did not have a recurrence of ischemic events.\"
\nhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-021-05552-0
\nCancer and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
\nAuthors: Babak B. Navi, Scott E. Kasner, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Mary Cushman, Oh Young Bang and Lisa M. DeAngelis
\nhttps://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032002Stroke. Stroke 2021;52:1121–1130
\n\"In addition to left atrial cardiopathy, nonstenosing large artery atherosclerosis, and patent foramen ovale (PFO), cancer is an important and common subgroup of ESUS (Embolic stroke of undetermined source). Claims-based data from the National Inpatient Sample suggest that about 10% of patients with ischemic stroke of all causes have known cancer.\"
\n\"The estimated proportion of ESUS (Embolic stroke of undetermined source)patients with cancer similarly approaches 10%, although it may be as high as 20% in some Asian populations. However, the attributable fraction of ischemic stroke due to cancer is likely less than this because some of the association may be coincidental. The coprevalence for cancer and ischemic stroke is expected to increase further as patients with cancer survive longer.\"
\n\"Cancer registry data have demonstrated falling mortality rates for several cancer types, including lung, breast, and prostate cancers, the 3 most common types in the United States.11 For example, the 2-year survival among men diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer, which is often widespread at presentation, improved from 26% in 2001 to 35% in 2014. These improved mortality rates reflect improved cancer treatments, particularly targeted and immunologic therapies, and reduced smoking.\"
\nhttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032002
\nAcute Ischemic Stroke Treatment in Infective Endocarditis: Systematic Review
\nAuthors: Sofia Bettencourt , José M Ferro - PMID: 32024600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104598
\nJ Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis . 2020 Apr;29(4):104598. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104598. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
\n\"Ischemic stroke is a frequent neurologic complication of infective endocarditis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy in comparison to thrombolysis and to combined treatment in patients with infective endocarditis associated acute ischemic stroke.\"
\n\"With the limitation of the low quality of the available evidence, thrombectomy in infective endocarditis associated stroke appears to be safer than thrombolysis, or combined treatment. These results may be useful to guide clinical decisions, in selected patients.\"
\nhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32024600/
\n