\n
![\"\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F2804126%2Fc2bc6de46369b914f31d9a62a64ce892%2Fdollarphotoclub_64562378.jpg?generation=1669823505444636&alt=media\")
Medical imaging plays a vital role in breast screening, with mammography being one of the imaging modalities of choice.
\nTrained radiologists assess mammograms (mammography images) to detect lesions that are suspicious of cancer.
\nExample of MLO and CC views for left and right breasts:
\n
Images are acquired in different views to allow better discrimination of areas suspicious of lesions. The most common views are the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and the cranial-caudal (CC). Other views may be acquired to increase the imaged area further and/or the screening confidence. Examples of different views are shown below:
\n![\"\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F2804126%2F75770a6f403a6c3d7576e0c71602e3b4%2FB9780323073226500228_u23-002b-9780323073226.jpg?generation=1669823847627615&alt=media\")
To have standardized criteria that every radiologist uses to assess mammograms BI-RADS score was created.
\nThe radiologist assesses the following criteria: breast composition, mass (lesion/area with suspicion of cancer), asymmetry, architectural distortion, calcifications, and other associated features, as shown in the figure below:
\n![\"\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F2804126%2F5a659377ce0d183fdc591266a1d89a23%2FScreenshot%202022-11-30%20at%2015.45.51.png?generation=1669823285262584&alt=media\")
\n(from https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013/a543d74f8cd739_TAB-lexicon-US_Mam.png)
Accordingly, with these criteria, l lesions may be categorized into 1 of 7 BI-RADS scores with different patient management considerations and the likelihood of cancer, as seen below.
\n![\"\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F2804126%2Faa5ba036b51cfdbd6c87293716b61c1d%2Fa53b4293920e94_TAB-Birads.png?generation=1669824580614973&alt=media\")
From a BI-RADS score of 4 or 5, a biopsy of suspicious areas is taken to diagnose the patient. Patients with a BI-RADS score of 6 have known biopsy-proven malignancies.
\nThe detection of cancer in breast screening with mammography is affected by breast density since \"cancer and dense breast tissue both appear white on a mammogram\" . Breast density is categorized into 4 different levels (A to D) where:
\n - A: Almost entirely fatty indicates that the breasts are almost entirely composed of fat. About 1 in 10 women has this result;
\n - B: Scattered areas of fibroglandular density indicates there are some scattered areas of density, but the majority of the breast tissue is nondense. About 4 in 10 women have this result;
\n - C: Heterogeneously dense indicates that there are some areas of nondense tissue, but that the majority of the breast tissue is dense. About 4 in 10 women have this result;
\n - D: Extremely dense indicates that nearly all of the breast tissue is dense. About 1 in 10 women has this result.
Examples of each category are provided below.
\n![\"\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F2804126%2F099a4740518fe59456da32626e5b3155%2Fan01137_im03415_ans7_dense_breaststhu_jpg.jpg?generation=1669825584093386&alt=media\")
Resources used and additional ones:
\nMedical imaging plays a vital role in breast screening, with mammography being one of the imaging modalities of choice.
\nTrained radiologists assess mammograms (mammography images) to detect lesions that are suspicious of cancer.
\nExample of MLO and CC views for left and right breasts:
\n
Images are acquired in different views to allow better discrimination of areas suspicious of lesions. The most common views are the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and the cranial-caudal (CC). Other views may be acquired to increase the imaged area further and/or the screening confidence. Examples of different views are shown below:
\n
To have standardized criteria that every radiologist uses to assess mammograms BI-RADS score was created.
\nThe radiologist assesses the following criteria: breast composition, mass (lesion/area with suspicion of cancer), asymmetry, architectural distortion, calcifications, and other associated features, as shown in the figure below:
\n
\n(from https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013/a543d74f8cd739_TAB-lexicon-US_Mam.png)
Accordingly, with these criteria, l lesions may be categorized into 1 of 7 BI-RADS scores with different patient management considerations and the likelihood of cancer, as seen below.
\n
From a BI-RADS score of 4 or 5, a biopsy of suspicious areas is taken to diagnose the patient. Patients with a BI-RADS score of 6 have known biopsy-proven malignancies.
\nThe detection of cancer in breast screening with mammography is affected by breast density since \"cancer and dense breast tissue both appear white on a mammogram\" . Breast density is categorized into 4 different levels (A to D) where:
\n - A: Almost entirely fatty indicates that the breasts are almost entirely composed of fat. About 1 in 10 women has this result;
\n - B: Scattered areas of fibroglandular density indicates there are some scattered areas of density, but the majority of the breast tissue is nondense. About 4 in 10 women have this result;
\n - C: Heterogeneously dense indicates that there are some areas of nondense tissue, but that the majority of the breast tissue is dense. About 4 in 10 women have this result;
\n - D: Extremely dense indicates that nearly all of the breast tissue is dense. About 1 in 10 women has this result.
Examples of each category are provided below.
\n
Resources used and additional ones:
\n", "rawMarkdown": "Medical imaging plays a vital role in breast screening, with mammography being one of the imaging modalities of choice.\n\nTrained radiologists assess mammograms (mammography images) to detect lesions that are suspicious of cancer. \n\nExample of MLO and CC views for left and right breasts:\n\n\nImages are acquired in different views to allow better discrimination of areas suspicious of lesions. The most common views are the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and the cranial-caudal (CC). Other views may be acquired to increase the imaged area further and/or the screening confidence. Examples of different views are shown below:\n\n\nTo have standardized criteria that every radiologist uses to assess mammograms BI-RADS score was created. \nThe radiologist assesses the following criteria: breast composition, mass (lesion/area with suspicion of cancer), asymmetry, architectural distortion, calcifications, and other associated features, as shown in the figure below:\n\n(from https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013/a543d74f8cd739_TAB-lexicon-US_Mam.png)\n\nAccordingly, with these criteria, l lesions may be categorized into 1 of 7 BI-RADS scores with different patient management considerations and the likelihood of cancer, as seen below.\n\n\nFrom a BI-RADS score of 4 or 5, a biopsy of suspicious areas is taken to diagnose the patient. Patients with a BI-RADS score of 6 have known biopsy-proven malignancies.\n\nThe detection of cancer in breast screening with mammography is affected by breast density since \"cancer and dense breast tissue both appear white on a mammogram\" . Breast density is categorized into 4 different levels (A to D) where:\n - **A: Almost entirely fatty indicates that the breasts are almost entirely composed of fat.** About 1 in 10 women has this result; \n - **B: Scattered areas of fibroglandular density indicates there are some scattered areas of density, but the majority of the breast tissue is nondense.** About 4 in 10 women have this result; \n - **C: Heterogeneously dense indicates that there are some areas of nondense tissue, but that the majority of the breast tissue is dense.** About 4 in 10 women have this result; \n - **D: Extremely dense indicates that nearly all of the breast tissue is dense.** About 1 in 10 women has this result. \n\nExamples of each category are provided below.\n\n\nResources used and additional ones:\n- [Radiology Assistant - BI-RADS](https://radiologyassistant.nl/breast/bi-rads/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013#introduction-standard-reporting)\n- [Radiology Assistant - Implants](https://radiologyassistant.nl/breast/breast-prosthesis/breast-prosthesis-imaging)\n- [Mayo Clinic - Dense breast](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mammogram/in-depth/dense-breast-tissue/art-20123968)\n- [Radiopedia - Mammography](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammography?lang=us)\n- [Radiopedia - Mammography views](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammography-views)\n- [Radiologykey - Mammography views](https://radiologykey.com/mammography-3/) ", "votes": 10 } ], "comments": [], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "2050258": "Medical imaging plays a vital role in breast screening, with mammography being one of the imaging modalities of choice.\n\nTrained radiologists assess mammograms (mammography images) to detect lesions that are suspicious of cancer. \n\nExample of MLO and CC views for left and right breasts:\n\n\nImages are acquired in different views to allow better discrimination of areas suspicious of lesions. The most common views are the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and the cranial-caudal (CC). Other views may be acquired to increase the imaged area further and/or the screening confidence. Examples of different views are shown below:\n\n\nTo have standardized criteria that every radiologist uses to assess mammograms BI-RADS score was created. \nThe radiologist assesses the following criteria: breast composition, mass (lesion/area with suspicion of cancer), asymmetry, architectural distortion, calcifications, and other associated features, as shown in the figure below:\n\n(from https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013/a543d74f8cd739_TAB-lexicon-US_Mam.png)\n\nAccordingly, with these criteria, l lesions may be categorized into 1 of 7 BI-RADS scores with different patient management considerations and the likelihood of cancer, as seen below.\n\n\nFrom a BI-RADS score of 4 or 5, a biopsy of suspicious areas is taken to diagnose the patient. Patients with a BI-RADS score of 6 have known biopsy-proven malignancies.\n\nThe detection of cancer in breast screening with mammography is affected by breast density since \"cancer and dense breast tissue both appear white on a mammogram\" . Breast density is categorized into 4 different levels (A to D) where:\n - **A: Almost entirely fatty indicates that the breasts are almost entirely composed of fat.** About 1 in 10 women has this result; \n - **B: Scattered areas of fibroglandular density indicates there are some scattered areas of density, but the majority of the breast tissue is nondense.** About 4 in 10 women have this result; \n - **C: Heterogeneously dense indicates that there are some areas of nondense tissue, but that the majority of the breast tissue is dense.** About 4 in 10 women have this result; \n - **D: Extremely dense indicates that nearly all of the breast tissue is dense.** About 1 in 10 women has this result. \n\nExamples of each category are provided below.\n\n\nResources used and additional ones:\n- [Radiology Assistant - BI-RADS](https://radiologyassistant.nl/breast/bi-rads/bi-rads-for-mammography-and-ultrasound-2013#introduction-standard-reporting)\n- [Radiology Assistant - Implants](https://radiologyassistant.nl/breast/breast-prosthesis/breast-prosthesis-imaging)\n- [Mayo Clinic - Dense breast](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mammogram/in-depth/dense-breast-tissue/art-20123968)\n- [Radiopedia - Mammography](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammography?lang=us)\n- [Radiopedia - Mammography views](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammography-views)\n- [Radiologykey - Mammography views](https://radiologykey.com/mammography-3/) " } }